Apple tree Young naturalist
Content:
The apple tree Young Naturalist is deservedly appreciated not only in Russia, but also abroad for its wonderful taste and valuable nutrients - vitamins, pectins and organic acids. Apples tidy up the gastrointestinal tract, increase appetite and strengthen immunity.
A bit of history
Apple tree Young naturalist: photo of the variety
The cultivation of the apple variety Young Naturalist was carried out by a group of like-minded breeders of the All-Union Scientific Research Michurinsky Institute (group leader - S. Isaev). A medium-fruited apple variety Young Naturalist has turned out through hybridization of 2 varieties: "Wales" and "Cinnamon striped».
The territory of cultivation and cultivation - the Central part of the Russian Federation, the Moscow region.
Since the Young Naturalist apple tree has good resistance to unfavorable conditions, it is possible to plant it in the north of the country.
Apple tree Young naturalist: variety description
The industrial apple variety Young Naturalist has an average ripening period.
The advantages of the variety include high resistance to scab, excellent frost resistance, early fruiting (in the 3rd or 4th year) and high yield.
Cons of the variety - bears fruit periodically, small apple trees against the background of abundant fruiting.
Apple tree Young naturalist is self-fertile, because of this, it is necessary to plant pollinating apple trees in the neighborhood. Apple trees with autumn and winter ripening periods are suitable.
Flowering in temperate climates begins from mid-May to early June-month. Fruit ripening begins on September 15th. The variety has an average yield, a mature apple tree yields up to 100 kg. Apples Young Naturalist to taste are sweet and sour, with juicy, loose pulp. Tasting score on a 5-point scale - 4.6.
If you allocate a cool room for storing the Young Naturalist apples, then they can be stored until the calendar winter. The variety is well transported, perfectly processed (juice, jam, dry compote).
Apple tree Young naturalist: characteristics of the variety
Apples Young Naturalist: photo of the variety
- In medium-sized apple trees, the Young Naturalist, reaching a height of 3-4 meters, has an annual growth of up to half a meter. On a rounded crown - dense foliage on almost horizontal branches. If the tree bears fruit well, then the branches become drooping.
- The color of the shoots is light brown, there is a slight pubescence.
- Leaves - with coarse-serrate or serrate-crenate edges, pointed. Color - dark green, matte. On the surface of the leaves there is a pronounced venation.
- The shape of the Young Naturalist apples - rounded, flattened top. An apple weighs 135 grams on average. Fruits - with a greenish-yellow skin with partial red spots and bright stripes.
Apple tree Young naturalist: planting and care
About planting an apple tree seedling Young naturalist
The place for the Young Naturalist apple tree should be sheltered from the winds, sunny and well-watered. A suitable layout for planting is 4 by 4 meters.
A favorable time for planting is early spring (before the buds swell) or mid-autumn (so that the seedling grows strong before the first frost).
An important condition for choosing a landing site is the occurrence of groundwater. If the occurrence is close - up to one and a half meters, then the root system of the apple tree can rot. This can even lead to the death of the plant. For the apple tree, fertile soil and good aeration must be provided.
If you have clay soil, then sand, peat or humus are added to it.For sandy and poor soils, potassium-containing fertilizers are added along with peat and humus.
A week and a half before planting, pits are prepared (depth - 0.8 m, diameter - 1 m).
The upper fertile part of the soil is removed and put aside for a while. A hill is formed from it inside the fossa: it should occupy about a third of the total volume. Another part of the soil is mixed with humus (a bucket per 1 tree), potassium superphosphate (1 glass per 1 tree), ash (it will take on excess acid).
Set the tree in the hole, carefully distributing the roots. When filling the soil mixture, the root collar is left 5-7 centimeters above the soil surface. Next, watering is carried out (2-3 buckets per 1 tree).
How to properly prune an apple tree of the Yunyi Naturalist variety?
The importance of pruning correctly cannot be overstated. With its help, you can defeat the frequency of fruiting, improve the taste of apples and their weight, and increase the plant's resistance to various diseases.
In the first spring season, the Young Naturalist apple tree needs formative pruning, in which the branches are shortened by a third. In this case, the length of the central conductor should be 20-25 cm longer than the rest of the branches.
With annual spring pruning, you will help the apple tree bear fruit regularly. Of course, when pruning, a "golden" mean is needed: if it is not enough to cut and thin out the crown, then the harvest will be early; with excessive thinning and shortening of the branches of a young tree, the delay in fruiting can reach up to 2 years.
Young shoots should be left the strongest, going up, get rid of crooked and weak ones. You should learn to distinguish the top from strong shoots (it must be removed).
As a result, the formed apple tree should consist of three to four tiers of branches.
How to feed and water properly
Young apple seedlings Young naturalist usually require special care for several seasons:
- regular watering (about once a month is enough, in dry weather - up to 5 times a month and a little more often during the periods of bud and fruit formation);
- weed removal;
- regular feeding so that there is excellent growth and a bountiful harvest.
Separately, we will talk about feeding young trees and mature ones that give yields.
About feeding young trees
- Root feeding with urea (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) is carried out in early spring.
- In May-June, foliar feeding with sodium humate is necessary.
- In September, potash-phosphorus fertilizers are required (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water).
About feeding mature apple trees
After April 15th, urea (half a kilogram) must be added under the apple tree.
When the Yunnii Naturalist apple tree blooms, for feeding, she will need a liquid mixture from:
- superphosphate (100 g);
- potassium sulfate (80 g);
- urea (50 g);
- water (20 liters).
All insist for seven days.
At the beginning of fruit formation the apple tree needs watering with a solution:
- nitrophoska (100 g);
- dry sodium humate (2 g);
- 20 liters of water.
After harvest apple trees Young naturalist need to add a little humus (300 g), sulfuric potassium (300 g) and superphosphate (300 g).
Nitrogen fertilizers are applied until mid-July, due to which the tree will get stronger before the first frost.
About diseases and harmful insects
Apple tree Young naturalist: photo of the variety
The Young Naturalist apple tree has a strong immunity to scab. However, some other pests can cause significant damage to the apple tree.
- When attacked by an apple blossom beetle the buds on the apple tree are covered with drops, and flowers and leaves do not bloom. As a treatment, spraying with Dilox (0.2 percent solution) is used, during the period when the buds are blooming.
- When attacked by an apple fruit sawfly apple orchards are seriously endangered (ovary damage). As a treatment, on the eve of flowering, the tree is treated with karbofos.
- When attacked by the codling moth apples are damaged by the invasion of caterpillars. The fruits do not ripen, but fall to the ground.In major attacks of this pest, up to 90 percent of the apples can be spoiled. The main method of prevention and treatment for the moth is cleansing the bark in the spring, the spring treatment of apple trees with a medicinal mixture (calcium arsenate and lime).
Timely prevention and care of apple trees in compliance with agrotechnical rules will help to avoid diseases and invasions of harmful insects in apple orchards.
Apples Young naturalist and dwarf rootstock
In recent years, apple trees of dwarf (2 m) and semi-dwarf (3 m) rootstock have been especially popular. Let's talk about the benefits of such fruit trees:
- superficial root growth (in this regard, when planting, you can ignore the location of groundwater);
- trees can be planted at high density (space saving);
- harvesting and leaving - effortlessly;
- young semi-dwarf trees grow as fast as vigorous ones, with a gradual weakening (this indicates an improvement in the characteristics of the variety).
In subsequent years, especially with good fruiting, the tree must be well pruned. This will increase the life of the tree and its yield, and will have a positive effect on the size of the fruit.
Apple tree Young naturalist: reviews of gardeners
Apple tree Young naturalist: video about the variety
- Rostislav Vadimovich: “For a long time I have been choosing an apple variety for my garden. After reviewing the description, photos and video, I chose the Young Naturalist. Near our city there is a large industrial garden, where the apple trees are strewn. It turned out that this is the Young Naturalist apple tree. I asked the locals about these apple trees. They hibernate well, keep well, disease resistant. The apples of the Young Naturalist are excellent! In short, I planted them at my place, and this year I took the first crop. I advise you too! "
- Alexandra Semyonovna: “My apple tree Young Naturalist is already 10 years old. I am pleased with both bountiful harvests and delicious apples. I do not take off the harvest every year, after 1 year, but we began to do pruning every spring and feed well. The variety is not painful. From the fruits I make juice, jam, dry compote. Hopefully after pruning for an annual harvest. I recommend".
- Pavel Konstantinovich: “I have known the apple tree Young naturalist since childhood, I can distinguish it by its sweet and sour taste. I planted it on my personal plot 5 years ago. Despite his young age. The apple tree gives an excellent harvest. It tolerates low temperatures well, it is not afraid of scab, it constantly increases in size. The apple tree The young naturalist is loved not only by me, but also by all my household members. "
If you pay close attention to agrotechnical rules and follow them, the Young Naturalist apple tree will thank you with fragrant, juicy and bright apples. When choosing seedlings, it is better not to resort to random sellers. Also, the Young Naturalist apple trees should be regionalized for a specific region, winter-hardy, with 5 branches on each crown and with a developed root system. "
