Apple-tree "Antonovka"

The Antonovka apple tree is a varietal apple type, it combines several varietal varieties.

Varieties of "Antonovka"

A lot of information about the Antonovka variety immediately comes under pressure. A voluminous name that says a lot - a varietal apple type, bred by the people. It includes several related varieties. And there are many.

The Antonovka variety accounts for more than ½ of the harvest. Recently, the variety has begun to be planted less. But if you traditionally plant and grow the Antonovka apple tree on your garden plot, then you do not lose anything, on the contrary, you gain.

The only question is which type to choose?

• Ordinary.

Bryansk - Orel - Lipetsk - Michurinsk is not just a line. She divides the Antonovka apple varieties into autumn varieties, which grow closer to the north, and early winter, growing towards the south.

The crown is of strong stature, grows vertically at a young age; sprawling and more globular as the tree matures.

The bark is brown. Shoots are not the same size, with knees.

Elongated leaves of deep green color.

Large white flowers, resembling a saucer, have a slight pinkish tint.

The apples are ribbed, medium-sized, slightly flattened. Removable maturity - yellow-greenish coloration. If stored, it will become more aromatic and at times tastier.

There is a slight pinkish blush. When keeping quality, the green color is lost.

The funnel is a little rusty, but the excellent taste does not change a bit.

The fruit stem is short and thick.

The peel is glossy.

The inner content of the fruit is yellowish, juicy, sweet-sour, very aromatic, in grain. Sugar content - more than nine percent. The sourness is noticeable. Also, the fruits have a large amount of vitamin C.

Advantages.

High level of winter resistance.

A variety of universal use. Compote, juice, jam, jam are prepared from apples. Can be salted in a barrel (even with cabbage). There is also the "Pepenka" variety, which is also suitable for pickling. Other varieties have a completely different taste.

Seedlings are suitable for rootstock. Resistant to winter, strong growth (not everyone is happy with it, since a dwarf rootstock is mainly used), compatibility.

The fruits are perfectly transported.

Low loss of fruit before harvest.

The Antonovka apple tree is the source for breeding a large number (more than twenty) varieties that are immune to scab: Bogatyr, Vishnevaya, Imrus, Orlovim, Martovskoe, Druzhba Narodov.

Minuses.

For a long enough time, you will need to wait for the first fruits. Patience is not good for everyone. Just dropped it off - serve the apples.

There are many different opinions about scab immunity. The level ranges from low to medium. Growing areas adjust the level of resistance.

Also, many gardeners are not satisfied that the moth loves to feast on apples (therefore, the fruits are delicious!).

There is dissatisfaction with the frequency of productivity.

Apples that are grown in the north (the popular scientist L.P. Semirenko called the Leningrad, Ryazan and Moscow regions) are much better preserved than those grown in the south.

There is a tendency: the further south the Antonovka apple tree grows, the more it resembles the autumn variety.

The group of apple trees "Antonovka ordinary" includes the following types: "Antonovka Kurskaya", "Antonovka simple", "Antonovka glass", "Antonovskoe apple", "Wax yellow", "Dukhovoe", "Krasnoglazovskaya".

• Dessert.

The author S.I. Isaev considers this type of average winter.

Parent varieties - "Antonovka ordinary", "Pepin saffron".

Medium tall tree. The crown is at first in the form of a sphere, over the years it becomes round.

Leaves are green. The edges are serrated, the surface is slightly wrinkled.

It blooms with large pinkish flowers.

Apples are light green in color with a creamy tone, have a reddish blush with stripes.

Weighs about two hundred grams.

Sweet and sour taste. There is an aroma that is characteristic of "Antonovka".

Forty kg can be removed from one apple tree. And one hundred and twenty kg. Watching how it grows up. There are no less fruits than these numbers.

If the fruits are well stored, then you can treat your loved ones in the last days of March.

Score - 4.2 points.

Compared with "Antonovka ordinary": the fruits are sweeter and larger, fruiting begins as early as the third year after planting, frost resistance is weaker.

"Antonovka dessert" is cultivated: in the Russian Central region, in the Volga region, in the Northern Black Earth region, in the northern part of Ukraine, in the Ural, Siberian, Far Eastern regions, as well as in the Altai Territory. In the last four regions, only frost-resistant rootstocks are used, stanza and low trees are planted.

An important fact. The apple tree prefers to grow freely. It is recommended to plant trees six meters apart.

• Gold.

This variety is a novelty from Antonovka Malus domestica varieties. "Antonovka the Golden Monk" is a different variety.

This is a Crimean variety. Fruits ripen late in the summer season. You can meet such a characteristic feature: "... belongs to the new varieties that ripen early." It's a delusion. The early term is, if we compare it with the variety "Antonovka ordinary". The "Golden" fruits should be removed already in the last days of August and in the first days of September. Consequently, keeping quality is short, the aroma is not very strong. The importance of winter fruit varieties is obvious - the real aroma and taste occurs after a certain keeping quality in optimal conditions.

The size of the crown is smaller, the tree is more average in size. But it also differs in spreading.

The fruits weigh one hundred fifty to one hundred seventy grams. However, the mass can be two hundred fifty-two hundred seventy kg. Taste and aroma properties of the Antonovka variety. The taste is sweet and sour, juicy.

The color is golden. Who likes it - straw yellow with a golden tone.

By inheritance from the parent, she received resistance to winter, thanks to which it surpasses the previous variety in terms of yield, in appearance, in immunity to scab.

Fruiting begins earlier - from the fifth or sixth year after planting.

The choice is yours - which variety to plant.

The apple tree loves to grow on loose soil, which is good for air permeability and absorbs water. Groundwater should be below two meters.

Apple-tree "Antonovka" - description and characteristics

• An excursion into history.

The Antonovka apple tree is an old Russian variety. Originally from the Kursk province. Hypothesis (not refuted): a hybrid cultivated apple with a wild forest apple tree.

It is worth noting that the variety turned out spontaneously, not according to plan.

Apples were feasted on in the nineteenth century of the last era.

In the book edition "Rules for fruit growing in the open field, greenhouses, greenhouses, etc." described the apple tree N.I. Krasnoglazov (1848).

In 4 registers of A. T. Bolotov there are six hundred and sixty-one apple and pear varieties. And the varieties "Antonovka" are not there!

They even call the varieties of our time mutants.

I.V. Michurin in 1929it was noted that out of twenty-six known species of the Antonovka variety, five of the real Antonovka are actually recruited: one variety was given its name in different territories; the variety with the name "Antonovka" was generally different.

In reality, there are no more than five varieties of the Antonovka variety.

There are so many rumors and conversations around one variety. LP Simerenko said that the variety "Dukhovoye", which was offered at an exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod in 1896, is one of the synonymous names of the variety "Antonovka ordinary". And the name came from the name of the gardener Anton for his work and contribution.

• Latin name.

Someone abroad considers apple varieties growing in the wild: "Malus sylvestris Antonovka", "Malus robusta Antonovka", "Malus pumila Antonovka".

• Where does the apple tree grow?

In the state register for most regions since 1947: the north-western part (Vologda, Kaliningrad, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Pskov and the region); central part (Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Moscow, Ryazan, Tver, Yaroslavl and regions); "Antonovka white (" Mogilevskaya ") - Vitebsk region; "Antonovka gray" ("Antonovka Rzhavaya"); "Antonovka Repchataya" - Belarus; European, American, African countries; Tunisia - fruits are eaten in June days.

• Pollination varieties.

The Antonovka apple tree is practically self-fruitless. It is very good to plant near such varieties as: "Autumn striped", "Anise", "Welsey", "Pepin saffron".

Gardeners say that the apple tree happily coexists with a large number of apple varieties.

• Apple tree growth.

The height depends on the stock of the planting material.

A tree of strong growth, grafted onto its seedlings. They talk about apple trees higher than six meters.

The crown is oval, over the years in the form of a ball and is more spreading.

Strong crown, spreading, but you will not build supports even with a lot of fruits on the tree.

• The trunk is in diameter.

The diameter of the crown of individual apple trees is nine to ten meters.

Not everyone can embrace the trunk on their own.

• Seedling.

You can sympathize more with the Antonovka sapling, as it is weak and twisted. Insufficient development of planting material is a decisive moment when the tree matures and the beginning of fruiting.

The annual sapling reaches up to one hundred to one hundred and twenty cm.

A biennial plant grows to one hundred seventy to one hundred and eighty cm.

However, in the future, a set of different sizes and shapes occurs. Albeit at a slow pace, but confident.

• Lifetime.

The variety in garden plots is the longest-lived one.

Long-term growth and fruiting - thirty to forty years, and more.

Scientists have found more than one tree of the Antonovka variety, which was two hundred years old.

• How does it differ from a wild apple tree?

Apple varieties grafted onto Antonovka seedlings develop and bear fruit longer than grafted varieties on a wild apple tree.

• The size of the apples.

The standard weight is about one hundred and fifty grams. There are more than three hundred grams. And there may be less.

The sizes depend on many things. From leaving as well.

Fruits of the Antonovka one and a half pound variety weigh up to six hundred grams.

• Winter resistance.

The ideal winter-resistant apple tree is homemade. And the Antonovka variety is very close to it.

The variety transfers and even improves winter hardiness to its clone trees.

• Root system.

The root system influences the maintenance of a long life span and acts on a generous yield.

A particularly dense root system is one hundred to one hundred and twenty cm across and fifty to seventy cm deep. Further - less often.

• Genetics criteria.

Anyone who knows at least a little about the concept of “selection” will definitely note that the “Antonovka” variety is often used to produce new apple varieties. With the latest features and capabilities. To begin with, to increase resistance to winter.Especially for breeding varieties that are immune to scab.

Scientists have already counted more than sixty such varietal forms.

• The minimum temperature of cultivation.

In terms of resistance to winter "Antonovka" is second only to "Anis", "Cinnamon striped", "Moscow Grushovka".

The variety withstands the most severe frosts in the north-western part very well.

• Yield indicator.

From an adult apple tree - up to two hundred kg.

There were also more than five hundred kg.

The record is more than one thousand two hundred kg from one apple tree.

• Disease immunity.

Immune protection against scab and powdery mildew is below average. Most gardeners object and say above average. The immunity to fruit rot is average.

Systematically carrying out prophylaxis by treating apple trees with fungicidal agents today is a must, it is vital.

In order not to eliminate the consequences of the lack of fruit.

Apple-tree "Antonovka": reviews

“I often hear from gardeners that the Antonovka variety is the last century. It is very easy to replace. Many apple varieties are offered by nurseries these days. Decorative, with a pleasant taste, stored for a long time, soon begin to bear fruit. Choose a rootstock of low growth or a dwarf. And you don't have to climb the apple tree. Somewhere I will agree. But those who have not yet tasted the apples of the real "Antonovka" speak about this. Not only fresh. And also baked and soaked. I'll find a place for her anyway. The only question is where to get a real Antonovka seedling? "

Nikolay Stepanovich, Kirov region: “The garden plot where Antonovka is located is a full-fledged garden plot. I have seen trees that have lived for more than fifty years. I did not cut it off, there are many fruits. Though not so big. At the same time, the scab did not hit. With worms, but their own, real. Naturally, a lot of space is occupied, but I have a lot of it. And the climate is cold. Not every apple tree will develop and bear fruit. Freeze a little. And here is the taste. Plus, it is easy to save until the New Year holidays. "

Sergei Ilyich, Krasnodar Territory: “I will plant the Antonovka apple tree just to fill the pies with apples. To pickle in a barrel of cabbage. Not only because it is a popular variety. Read Bunin! Lovely apples. And without fail I will try to grow seedlings from grains. Since there is nothing better than grafting good apple varieties on Antonovka. "

Apple tree "Antonovka": landing

• Time.

Recommended for the fall season. Until the last days of October. In November it is better to abstain.

When planting in the spring season, the best time to plant is the second month of spring.

Landing pits are prepared in advance. In the autumn season - for planting in the spring. For thirty to sixty days for planting in the autumn. The seedling is given twenty to twenty-five days before the frosty days come.

• Rules.

Fruiting occurs on different soils. But an apple tree on sandy loam and loam is more comfortable.

If the soil is different, it is worth filling the planting hole well with a nutrient substrate with organic matter.

Groundwater must flow below three meters from the surface.

Consider the condition of the soil when preparing the pits for planting. Also, sand is added to the clay soil, and clay is added to the sandy soil.

• Landing scheme.

Chosen by looking at the seedling stock. Provides free space and light depending on height and width. Alternate with apple pollinating trees.

• The spacing between plants.

The interval is determined by the rootstocks.

On strong growth - five to six meters in a row spacing, four to four and a half meters in a row.

At an average height - four and a half to five meters and three and a half to four meters.

On a semi-dwarf - four to four and a half meters and three to three and a half meters.

On a dwarf - three and a half to four and two and a half to three meters.

When planting several seedlings, it may seem that the interval between them is quite large. And immediately the hunt to land more, more.

Do not be tempted to decrease the optimal interval.

Apple tree "Antonovka": leaving

Water sparingly, depending on weather conditions. The soil should not be allowed to dry out and it is also prohibited to overfill.

Top dressing is applied from season 2. Complex is desirable.

Protection from diseases and harmful insects is required.

The tree must be pruned in time.

The apple tree responds well to the fact that the trunk circle is mulched, and siderates grow under it.

The growth every year is not so significant. Even rather weak - thirty to fifty cm.

• How to trim and shape the crown.

From 2 years of development, the main trunk is shortened, and every 3 new branch is removed. Thanks to this, fruiting will be early and abundant.

In each spring season, sanitary circumcision is performed - weak, damaged and dried shoots are removed.

It can be formed in the form of a wide variety of forms, for example, the crown can be: sparse-tiered, fusiform, stanza, and also palmettes are included here.

• Grafting "Antonovka" to another apple tree.

Below will be given only some of the vaccination methods that are more often used (since there are more than two hundred of them).

With the help of a cutting (with 2-3 buds) in the spring season: copulation (simple or improved), in the split, behind the bark (under the bark), in the side cut.

With the help of a peephole (budding with a kidney, a shield) in the spring and summer season: in the cut, in the butt.

Vaccination is performed with sharp and sterile instruments (follow the instructions of specialists).

A good result will be if you use a grafting secateurs.

• How to choose rootstocks.

The seedling of the Antonovka variety is considered as the source in order to determine the growth force of other rootstocks. And the growth can be approximately independently determined.

• Strong stature - slightly more than eighty percent.
• The average height is sixty to eighty percent.
• Semi-dwarf - forty to sixty percent.
• Dwarf - twenty to forty percent.

The variety is ideal for those who wish to cultivate tall apple trees that are resistant to winter.

Grafting is carried out on own seedlings (own-rooted).

On a wild apple tree.

For dwarfs and medium-sized rootstocks.

• Growing from grains.

1. The grains are extracted from the most ripe apples - you need to take fruits from the southern part of the apple tree.
2. The planting hole (depth twenty to thirty cm) is filled with fertile soil. It rises six to nine cm above the surface soil layer.
3. Sowing is carried out before frosty days in depth by three to four cm.
4. Mulching is done with needles or leaves (not from an apple tree).
5. The mulch layer is removed in the spring season.

It is worth planting a large number of grains, because there will be few seedlings. The scheme is twelve by twelve cm.

Should be looked after, discarded and dived with an earthen clod.

• Fertilization.

It is required to feed the apple tree three to four times during the season. Urea - before flowering. Nitrogen - when the fruits ripen. Potassium and phosphorus - after harvest.

• Anti-aging pruning.

Rejuvenating circumcision is performed over three to four years.

At the same time, plant other varieties, you can take cuttings from both yourself and your neighbors.

Ripening and fruiting

In nurseries they say that fruiting begins at the age of 5, so as not to upset buyers. In fact - from the sixth to the eighth year after planting.

It depends on which one is planted. Clone trees bear fruit earlier.

Flowering is medium late. As befits a variety of such ripeness.

Ripening depends on the dividing line: south - the first days of September, north - the 15th of September.

Fully begins to bear fruit from the age of ten. Until this age, three to fifteen kg. Scientists have found apple trees over one hundred and fifty years old. Even over two hundred years.And the yield exceeds a ton! But these are isolated cases.

A good temperature is prepared for storage. After that, count eighty-five to ninety years and determine the date of the "life" of the last apple. If you don't eat it before, of course.

6. Subgroups and options.

On a dwarf. Suitable: MM109, No. 25-111; MM-106 - apple trees at the age of eight to nine years - thirty to fifty kg.

Trees twelve to fourteen years old - fifty to one hundred and twenty kg.

On a dwarf.

The fruits are larger.

Fruiting begins at the age of four to five.

Even there are two or three years after planting.

The crown is smaller, up to three meters tall.

Aportovaya.

• An early winter variety.

After four to five years, the fruits already weigh two hundred grams.

The harvest is collected for storage in the last days of September.

Fruiting is regular, stable.

• One and a half pounds.

Another name is “Antonovka six hundred grams”.

It has been grown since 1892 from the nursery of I. Michurin. Everywhere, except for the Extreme northern latitudes and the south. Frost resistance is one of the highest. The fruits ripen in the first decade of September. Weigh up to six hundred grams. The variety is partially self-fertile.

• Winter.

This variety is for the north. And further south is not considered winter.

• Columnar.

This variety was not yet available.

• Plated.

Not a variety, but a form. It is well cultivated in the Siberian, Far Eastern, Ural territories.

Cultivation in various territories

In the Moscow region and in the North-West region.

On this territory the variety "Antonovka" is like a grapevine for Georgians. Grown a long time ago. Called by various names. Not the same everywhere. It is difficult to imagine a garden plot without Antonovka. New varieties are displayed.

In the Ural and Siberian regions.

The variety has been widely used, however, in greenhouse conditions with low growth rootstocks and stanzas in the open field. Due to climatic conditions, it is necessary to select suitable shapes. And clonal varieties "Antonovka".

On Ukrainian territory.

It is grown only in the north (Sumy, Chernigov, Kiev regions). But the variety is mostly late autumn. And for the cultivation of seedlings for grafting.

Outcome

Apple tree "Antonovka" I do not have. In childhood, met on rare occasions in our conditions. But the taste properties were remembered for a lifetime.

Advise: study the characteristics and photos of the variety, as well as learn how to process and apply the fruit. Even in medicine.

And do not be embarrassed that you have to wait a long time for the harvest. The main thing is that it will be.