Cherry Anthracite

Cherry Anthracite is a compact tree that gives berries with dessert taste, the ripening period of the variety is medium late. In the spring season, the cherry will decorate the garden plot, and in the summer season it is comfortable to harvest the fruit from it. Winter resistance, ability to transport, average immunity to diseases of stone fruit crops made this cherry suitable for cultivation in amateur garden plots.

A brief excursion into history

The Anthracitovaya cherry variety became widespread in 2006, at that time it was included in the state register and recommended for cultivation in the Russian center. Scientists bred this fruitful cherry on the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute, at the Oryol Experimental Station, they chose material from randomly pollinated seedlings of the cherry variety "Black Consumer Goods", the criterion was quality.

Cherry Anthracite: variety description and characteristics

Cherry Anthracite: photo of the variety

Ordinary cherry varieties Anthracitovaya were bred for cultivation in the central Russian regions, according to its characteristics, the variety is suitable for cultivation in almost all regions.

The cherry tree of the Anthracite variety has a spreading and raised crown, reaching a height of up to two meters. Branches are rare. The buds are small, in the form of a cone, their length is three mm, pressed against the branches. The leaves are dark green in color, small, serrated, grow up to six to seven cm long, wide, elliptical, pointed apex, rounded base. The surface of the leaflet plate is shiny, bends, on the inner side there are pronounced veins. The petiole is elongated, up to twelve cm, with a rich anthocyanin. The inflorescence is umbellate, contains three to five flowers, they are 2.3 cm across, the petals are white.

Cherry berries Anthracite - in the form of a heart, the funnel of the fruit is wide, the top is rounded. The fruit stem is shortened, the average length is eleven mm. The average cherry size is twenty-one by sixteen mm, the inner content is fourteen mm thick. Fruit weight is 4.1-5 grams. The peel is plump, but thin, when the berry ripens, the color of the peel becomes deep dark red, almost black. The bright colors of the fruits gave the name to the variety.

The inner contents of the berries are juicy, sweet and sour, dark red in color, medium dense. Fruits contain sugar (11.2%), acid (1.63%), dry matter (16.4%). The stone is yellow-cream colored, the ratio to the weight of the fruit is only five and a half percent, it weighs 0.23 grams, it can be easily separated from the pulp. In terms of this feature, the variety is comparable to sweet cherries. The decorativeness of the berries was rated highly - at 4.9 points. The tasting score is 4.3 points.

Cherry Anthracite: features of the variety

The variety of cherry Anthracite ordinary differs from other cherry varieties in that it inherited most of the benefits from the parent cherry.

Resistant to dry and winter periods.

• The Anthracite cherry variety is able to withstand the winter seasons that are typical for the middle Russian latitudes. Cherry adapts well and will bear fruit in the Moscow region.But the culture will not tolerate very low prolonged temperature conditions.
• It is advisable to place the tree near buildings that protect it from the harsh wind.
• The common cherry variety Anthracite is resistant to short dry periods. To get a good yield, timely watering is carried out in the furrows, which are made around the crown.

Pollinators, flowering, ripeness.

• A characteristic feature of the medium-ripening Anthracite cherry is that it is partially self-fertile. Even from a single cherry, you can collect a few fruits. The yield will be more generous if such cherry varieties are planted nearby: “Vladimirskaya"," Night "," Lyubskaya ","Shubinka», «Chocolate girl". Experienced gardeners recommend planting cherry trees nearby.
• The flowering of the variety continues from 10-15 days of May. Ripening of fruits occurs after the fifteenth to twenty-third of July, everything here depends on the climate.

Yield indicator, fruiting.

The formation of ovaries occurs on bunches, twigs and shoots of the last year. Fruiting begins in the fourth year after planting. It should be borne in mind that the tree is short-lived: its fruiting lasts about fifteen to eighteen years. If you properly care for, water and feed the cherries in a timely manner, then the yield will be up to eighteen kilos of fruit. During the trial period, the tree showed an average yield of 96.3 centners per hectare.

The record is 106.6 centners per hectare, which allows us to speak about the good productivity of this cherry variety.

Where are the fruits of the Anthracite cherry variety used?

The fruits are eaten fresh, and various compotes and preserves are prepared from them. In addition, cherries are frozen and dried.

Immunity to diseases and harmful insects.

Cherry variety Anthracite vulgaris at an average level can affect moniliosis and coccomycosis. The plant must be examined during the growing season in order to detect harmful insects earlier: aphids, moths, cherry flies.

Advantages and disadvantages of Anthracite cherry varieties

Cherry Anthracite: photo of the variety

The Anthracitovaya cherry variety has already become quite popular in the center of Russia, and has also become widespread in other regions, as it has its own advantages.

• High marketability: decorative fruit, thick inner content, excellent taste.
• The berries are well transported.
• High yield rate.
• Partially self-fertile.
• Resistant to winter, resistant to dry periods that do not last long.

Cons of cherry varieties Anthracite.

• Average resistance to fungal infections such as: coccomycosis, moniliosis.
• Immunity to harmful insects.
• The yield will be greater, and the fruit tastes sweeter, if the tree is planted in a place that is well lit by the sun's rays.

Cherry Anthracite: planting

To enjoy the harvested crop, you need to correctly select the site and the timing of planting cherries.

Optimal time.

A seedling with open roots adapts perfectly only in the spring season. Container cherries are planted before the first month of autumn.

How to choose a suitable site.

• Placing a tree from the south of the buildings is the most optimal option. Wind-blown areas should be avoided.
• The cherry tree is not planted where there is stagnant water and in low-lying areas. Or the plant is placed on a hill.
• This cherry variety feels comfortable growing on loam and sandy loam with neutral acidity.
• Heavy soils are improved with sand, peat, humus.
• Acidified soils are diluted with lime.

What plants are allowed and prohibited to plant near a cherry tree.

A cherry or cherry tree is planted next to this variety.Hawthorn, mountain ash, honeysuckle, elderberry, currants growing in a semi-shaded place will be good neighbors. It is forbidden to plant crops of high growth near cherries: apple, apricot, linden, birch, maple trees. It is also not recommended to plant raspberries, gooseberries, nightshade plants near cherries.

When choosing crops for the neighborhood, cherries need to leave nine to twelve squares of the plot.

How to choose and prepare material for planting.

• High-quality planting material is purchased in a special nursery.
• The best option is a two-year-old seedling.
• The trunk is sixty cm.
• The stem is two to two and a half cm thick.
• Branches in length should be up to sixty cm.
• The roots must be firm and not damaged.

From the place of purchase to the home, the planting material is transported by wrapping the roots in a moistened woven material. Then the seedling is immersed in a clay mash for two to three hours. A drug is added to stimulate growth, see instructions.

Planting progress.

• A peg is driven into the prepared hole with the soil mixture, so that then a young plant can be tied to it.
• The seedling is placed on a hill, the roots are straightened.
• The root collar should rise five to seven cm above the surface soil layer.
• After watering, the soil is mulched (the layer thickness is five to seven cm).
• The branches are pruned by fifteen to twenty cm.

Cherry Anthracite: variety care

Cherry Anthracite: photo of the variety

When growing a cherry variety "Anthracite", the soil is loosened in depth by seven cm, weeds are removed. The cherry tree is watered once every seven days, ten liters each in the morning and evening. It is important to water the tree after it has bloomed and when the fruit is set.

Watering stops when the fruits turn red.

Top dressing is applied in the fourth or fifth year of development. Urea or saltpeter is introduced early in the spring. During flowering, cherries are fertilized with organic matter. After harvesting, spraying with a carbamide solution is carried out.

Early in the spring, pruning of weak and thickening branches is carried out.

Before the winter season, the trunk circle is mulched. The trunk of a young tree is covered in several layers with agrofibre and netting to protect it from mice and hares.

Diseases and harmful insects anthrocytic cherry: how to fight, preventive measuresI

• Moniliosis (monilial burn). Symptoms: Shoots, ovaries and leaves look like they got burned. How to deal: Spray the cherries with preparations containing copper early in the spring, after the flowering period, in the fall season. Preventive measures: branches affected by the disease are removed, fallen leaves and diseased branches are burned.
• Coccomycosis... Symptoms: dots of red color appear on the leaves, grayish mycelium accumulates at the bottom, foliage withers, twigs and berries become infected. How to deal: spray the tree with fungicides in the last days of flowering and after harvest. Preventive measures: treat cherries early in the spring with Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate solution.
• Aphid... Aphid colonies are located at the bottom of the twisted leaves. How to deal: treat early in the spring, after the flowering period, in the summer season with "Inta-Virom", "Aktellikom", "Fitoverm". Preventive measures: spray in the spring season with "Fufanon".
• Cherry fly. Spoilage of berries by larvae. Preventive measures: treat cherries after the flowering period with "Fufanon".

Summary

Planting a common cherry Anthracite is a good choice if you plant a variety next to it for pollination. Important factors for the quality composition of the fruit are the area under the sun, watering, and fertilization. Treatment carried out at an early time will help save cherries from diseases and harmful insects.

Cherry Anthracite: reviews about the variety

Alexander, 48 years old, Oryol region: “Anthracitovaya cherry has been growing with me for 10 years, I purchased material for planting at an experimental station. My garden plot with cherries is old, there are enough varieties for pollination. Fruiting began in the third year, the tree bore 10 fruits. Berries are a real dessert. The Antrocytic cherry tree grows from the south, under the sun's rays. The fruits are black and very sweet. "

Marina, 44 years old, Moscow region: “We bought cherry saplings of Antratsitovaya and Shokoladnitsa varieties from the nursery a couple of years ago, and listened to some advice. We take care, we mulch with humus for the winter. It grows in a good area, we don't cover the trunk. The trees have not been damaged during these winter seasons. We expect the first fruits in this summer season, there are ovaries on several branches. "

Tatiana, 37 years old, Tula: “It's a pity, but in our climate the young Anthracite cherry was burned that season. The flowering was lush, then the tips of the branches began to wither and dry out. Spraying with "Horus" was carried out, the trees were treated with this preparation and in this spring period the buds were treated, then after the cherry tree of the Anthracite variety had bloomed. I hope the damage will be minimized. "