Top dressing of tomato and pepper seedlings - tips and recipes
Content:
Tomatoes and peppers are a popular pair of vegetables in Russian vegetable gardens. They grow in open ground and in greenhouse conditions, in greenhouses. The crops are always generous, the plants go ahead of all obstacles in their path. Tomatoes and peppers have tremendous benefits and taste amazing. This is all good, but you must follow certain rules when growing seedlings, feed them regularly.
Seedlings of tomatoes and peppers - how to feed properly
Seedlings of tomatoes are grown in the same way as seedlings of peppers, since both of these types of vegetables are from the Solanaceae family. Seedlings are planted in advance in order to harvest on time. It needs to be fed regularly, since the plant is limited by space and a small amount of soil, nutrients quickly come to an end, so they must be applied systematically. Top dressing of seedlings is carried out for growth and development, applied to depleted soil.
Each plant needs a specific set of nutrients, but there are fertilizers that are universal for all plants.
Shop mineral complexes or natural organic substances act as fertilizers for seedlings. There are recipes for each fertilizer, it is better to leave the doses the same as in the instructions, so as not to harm the seedlings. Good fertilizers provide a sufficient amount of nutrients, have a positive effect on the growth and development of seedlings. Tomatoes and peppers are grown in almost the same way, they are thermophilic, they thank for their growth for being fed, they do not like dry periods. Still, each of these vegetables has its own cultivation characteristics.
Growing pepper seedlings
Peppers are planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse, the main thing is that there is a shelter. This is necessary for early harvest. We monitor the saturation of the soil. We introduce mineral and organic fertilizers. Peppers germinate more slowly than tomatoes. It is necessary to prepare the seeds well for sowing activities. Seedlings that have grown do not dive, since the roots are almost at the top and so they can only be harmed. Pepper should be watered often and a lot. You need to take good care of the seedling, as it is fragile. Sweet and bitter peppers are not planted together, since over-pollination can result in tasteless hybrids. Seedlings of tomatoes and peppers do not tolerate elevated temperatures, so greenhouses and hotbeds need to be opened. Do not plant pepper and tomato together. A cucumber is suitable for pepper as a neighbor.
Main principles
Prepare the soil in advance, apply fertilizers necessary for the plants to develop.
Observing a sense of proportion when applying fertilizers can harm both a lack and an overabundance of elements. Young plants react negatively to a lack of fertilizers, so an overdose will also do harm.
You need liquid fertilizers or dry mixtures dissolved in water. In Zelentsy, the formation of the root system is just taking place, which is unable to get nutrients from dry mixtures. They will become available only when watering, but the seedlings will digest the nutrients for a long time. And starvation will come. Therefore, liquid mixtures are the very thing.
Top dressing of seedlings in the morning after good watering. The temperature at this time usually does not drop, the air warms up, and this is the prevention of fungal diseases.
During feeding, follow the instructions.
Regular loosening of the soil surface.
Top dressing of pepper seedlings with liquid fertilizers.
Peppers are fed with liquid fertilizers at an early stage of development, because babies need to eat, grow and develop. It is best to add mineral mixtures ("Strong", "Ideal", "Effect") than organic ones. Top dressing is carried out by the root method. The first feeding is carried out during the development of 2 leaves. Solution: 0.5 gram of ammonium nitrate, 3 grams of superphosphate, 1 gram of potassium sulfate, water. Pour under the root without wetting the leaves (if wet, rinse with water).
The second feeding of seedlings is done after 15 days of the first feeding with the same solution, but a double dose is applied. The third top dressing is done 7 days before planting at a permanent place of residence with an infusion of wood ash (15 grams / 1 liter of water) or a solution of 1 and 2 dressing, but increase the amount of potassium (take 8 grams).
Top dressing of tomato seedlings
Bushes need to be fed during their development to build up green mass. The introduction of dressings in the amount of three times is enough.
First feeding do 10 days after transplanting the plant to a non-permanent place. The roots get used to new conditions and take "food" from the ground. The first feeding occurs with nitrogen and phosphorus (1 tbsp. "Nitrofos" / 1 liter of water; mullein or bird droppings / water, 2: 1, stand until the end of fermentation, then dilute the concentrated solution with water, droppings 1:12, mullein 1: 7; folk recipe: 1 spoon of dry wood ash / 2 liters of hot water, cool, then water the plants).
Second feeding carried out after 15 days. It is better to fertilize with ready-made mixtures: "Effecton", "Signor Tomato", "Uniflor Growth", "Nitrofos". If the seedlings are vigorous, then nitrogen is not needed.
Third feeding 7 days before landing for permanent residence with ready-made mixtures or organic.
Folk recipes for feeding seedlings
There are a great many folk recipes and feeding methods. Basic substances for tomatoes and peppers: phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium.
Iodine dressings... Either watering the seedlings at the root - a drop of iodine / 3 liters of water, or spray (suitable only for tomatoes, iodine is an assistant in the nutrition of tomatoes, protector against phytophthora, against powdery mildew), 3 drops of iodine / 10 liters of water, 1 liter per seedling solution. This top dressing will be necessary both in greenhouse conditions and in open soil. Iodine is needed for disease resistance and for a good harvest.
Coffee grounds: add coffee grounds to the soil, it allows air to enter the roots; banana peel transports potassium, and it, in turn, helps the root system to absorb nitrogen (peel 3 bananas / 3 liters of water, leave for 3 days); egg shells (used after picking or preparing the infusion, pour 0.5 buckets with water, leave for 3 days, then water the peppers and tomatoes, when the infusion is aged, it may smell unpleasant with hydrogen sulfide, it has a beneficial effect on the seedlings); onion peel; potato peel; yeast.
Eggshell fertilizer. There are many useful elements in the shell. Infusion: 3-4 pcs. / 3 liters of water, leave for 3-4 days, then water the seedlings.
Banana peel fertilizer. Eliminates the lack of potassium in seedlings. Peel 4-5 bananas / 3 liters of water, leave for 3 days. We water the greens with this infusion.
Yeast. They introduce nutrients into the soil, carry out the restructuring of its structure. Thanks to this, the seedlings accelerate their growth, and the yield rate increases. For solution: 10 grams of yeast, 4 tablespoons. sugar / 10 l of water, before feeding, dilute the concentrated solution with water in a ratio of 1:10.
Ash fertilizer. Ash contains 30 minerals essential for development. Ash types: stove and vegetable ash. You need to use ash from wood and logs without mold and impurities. By the way, wood ash contains more calcium, ash from plants and straw contains more potassium. Ash transforms acidic soil into soil suitable for plant life. It is a means of preventing fungus. Recipe: 1 tablespoon / 2 liters of water, leave for 24 hours.
Finished fertilizers (be sure to follow the instructions for use): "Kristalon", "Kemira plus" (for peppers); "Kemira Universal-2", "Solution" (for tomatoes). Universal: "Strong", "Agricola", "Ideal".
Bird droppings and water, 1: 2, leave for 2-3 days. Dilute the concentrated solution with water in a ratio of 1:10. Apply once before planting. Increases green mass.
Onion peel. 20 g of onion husks / 5 l of water. Insist 3-4 days.
Spraying with potassium permanganate (protection against diseases). 2 g / 10 l of water.
Aloe juice. The leaf wrapped in gauze lies for 14 days on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator or for 2 days in the freezer. Then the juice is squeezed out, mixed with water 1: 1. The seeds are soaked in this solution for 24 hours.
Honey. 1 tsp / 1 tbsp water. The seeds are soaked for 6 hours.
Dry mushrooms. Pour boiling water over, cool, the seeds are soaked for 6 hours.
Potato juice... Put a few peeled potatoes in the freezer for 2-3 days. Then squeeze out the juice, soak the seeds in this juice for 8 hours.
From late blight: 1 tsp copper / 10 l of water. Use as watering.
Mineral fertilizers
3 g of superphosphate, 1 g of potassium, 0.5 g of ammonium nitrate / 1 L of water.
For tomatoes: 0.5 g of urea, 4 g of superphosphate, 1.5 g of potassium salt / 1 L of water.
For root watering: 60 g of urea / 10 l of water. For spraying: 100 g of urea / 10 l of water.
"Strong". 2 tsp / 10 liters of water. It is introduced into the soil during watering.
"Ideal". 8-12 ml / 1 l of water, at the root. Spraying: 5 ml / 1 l of water.
Ammonia. Dissolve a small amount of ammonia in water, use root feeding (with a lack of nitrogen).
"Epin", biostimulant. The ampoule is diluted in water and watered at the root. For spraying: 5 drops / 500 ml of water.
Nitroammofosk. Can be sprinkled dry on the soil. You can prepare a solution: boxes of granules / 10 l of water, 0.5 l for each plant.
Fertilizing Tips
Plants by their appearance let them know what they are missing, and when they are hungry. Nitrogen is needed if the leaves turn light. Copper sulfate from the appearance of light streaks. Ash from wilting.
Superphosphate if the leaves turn purple. If the seedlings are healthy, and their leaves are dark, you should not fertilize. The plant is fine.
Feeding time:
It is best not to overfeed the seedlings, this will do more harm than good. Apply fertilizers only when seedlings are stunted and poor in appearance. If the seedlings develop healthy, then they do not need feeding.
They are fed 3-4 times per season and if necessary: after a pick, in stress, illness, nutrient-depleted soil, before flowering, when fruit sets, at the beginning of the harvest.
General rules:
Observe a sense of proportion, use liquid fertilizers, dilute dry mixtures with water, apply fertilizers in the morning, loosening the soil surface 1-2 hours after watering.
What can not be done with feeding:
Sulfates, fresh manure (only if you dissolve it in water), increase the amount of nitrogen while drinking tea.