Scab on currants.
Content:
Currant is the most favorite berry among gardeners and gardeners. In summer cottages, red, white, black currant varieties are often grown. If you adhere to agrotechnical methods, then it is quite possible to grow a rich harvest of not only tasty, but also very useful berries. Many people love green currant bushes with aromatic berries. But what if the scab overshadows the joy?
scab on currants
Briefly about the disease "scab".
In this article, we will consider what kind of ailment "scab" is, we will learn how to determine the disease by symptoms, what is the danger to culture, and most importantly, how to deal with it and what measures to take to prevent the disease.
Scab is an infectious disease that affects the tissues of the currant bush. The vectors of infection are spores of pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
Penetrating into the leaf, they find themselves in a favorable environment for themselves. The most dangerous moment is that the disease is almost invisible from the beginning, so the plant disease cannot be fixed immediately. Disease fungi are very fond of moisture. Therefore, rain and dew are their main allies. In a humid environment, the pathology begins to actively multiply and spread to the entire bush. The good news is that under the influence of scab, the bush will not die, but the plant's own immunity will suffer, the quantity and quality of the crop will decrease, and the bush will not tolerate sub-zero temperatures well. In addition, scab can become a prerequisite for the development of other ailments and bait for pests.
How to recognize a disease.
So, in order to keep our plant healthy, it is important to recognize the disease in time. The sooner this happens, the more effective the treatment will be.How to recognize a disease by the first symptoms?
scab on currants
The first symptomatology.
Pay attention to the leaves. When affected by the disease, specific spots appear on them. They are light and slightly silky to the touch. The cause of this phenomenon is fungal spores.
Second symptomatology.
Further, the spots acquire a darker shade and dryness, merge together, and cover almost the entire sheet. If treatment is not started at this point, the disease will affect the entire shrub, including the ovary.
Third symptomatology.
The whole plant will be covered with a bloom, similar in texture to felt.
Fourth symptomatology.
The correct growth and development of the culture is disrupted, the berries begin to deteriorate and crack.
What is the bottom line.
They are not suitable for processing or for food, since they are dominated by toxins of fungi that cause allergies and damage to the mucous membranes of the body. New shoots are also negatively affected, wither, dry up and die. In the future, the vegetative process stops, and if new leaves appear, they crumble almost instantly.
scab on currants
The importance of processing.
It is very important to carry out a course of treatment before winter, since the spores of the fungus adapt to wintering in the bark of a bush in order to attack with renewed vigor in the spring and cause the death of the culture.
How to fight and how to treat this ailment?
The most important criterion for winning in the fight against scab disease is speed. As soon as you notice the first signs, start treatment. This process is quite lengthy. It is aimed primarily at stopping the development of the pathogen, its suppression and elimination. Our main task is to rehabilitate the basic physiological functions of growth, as well as the ability to bear crops. Treatment options and methods are selected based on the degree of infestation of the plant. You can fight with chemicals or folk remedies. We'll look at both options below.
Chemicals.
If you have chosen the option of treatment with chemicals, then here are the main ones.
A chemical called acrex.
Acrex is a combined preparation (acaricide and fungicide), consists of pale yellow crystals, poorly soluble in water, organic solvents must be used.
What to use against.
Effective against microscopic fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms. When processing this drug, it is important to know that it has no properties to move along the vascular system of crops, therefore, during spraying, the reverse side of the leaves must be carefully treated.
Phytotoxicity of this agent.
This drug is very toxic, including for bees. Therefore, refuse to use it during the flowering of honey plants. Produce processing process in calm, calm weather.
When can it be used and how much it protects the plant.
Due to the fact that the drug is very strong, its effectiveness has been confirmed at any stage of the development of the disease. In addition, Acrex has a prolonged effect for up to thirty days.
A chemical called nitrafen.
Nitrafen - An effective agent against fungal, parasitic and mold lesions of garden crops. Refers to preparations of complex disinfecting action.
How to apply and what for.
For currants, it is used in the form of a solution for spraying both the shrub itself and the soil under it.
What it is and how to use it.
It is a brown paste with a pungent pungent odor. It dissolves perfectly in water. The scheme of application is as follows For spraying scab bushes, three hundred grams of the drug are diluted in twenty liters of water.
The phytotoxicity of this agent.
When working with the drug, be extremely careful, because it is very poisonous. Getting on the skin and mucous membranes, it irritates the integument.Spray with closed clothing and gloves. The presence of glasses and a respirator will not be superfluous. Perform the processing process in a calm, windless weather.
Fungicidal preparations.
The next group of drugs is fungicides. Fungicides are substances of chemical or biological origin that inhibit the growth of fungi. Let's consider some effective representatives of this group.
A fungicidal drug called chorus.
Horus is a fungicide. Does not dissolve in water. In this regard, the drug cannot be distributed throughout the plant along with the juice. But it penetrates into young leaves or fruits through the intercellular space and continues to act from the inside, which is important for prevention.
What to use against.
As a pesticide, the drug is aimed at combating pathogenic fungi, mostly for prophylaxis. The active substance inhibits amino acid biosynthesis, which causes a disruption in the life cycle of the pathogen during the growth of the mycelium and during entry into plant cells.
How to use.
In general terms, the drug is used as follows: to prepare a working solution, take about three to three and a half grams of fungicide and dilute it in ten liters of water. For the drug to work most effectively, control the processing of each sheet plate.
Under what conditions can processing be carried out.
Processing should be done in dry, calm weather.
A fungicidal drug called alirin-b.
Alirin-B is a fungicide of biological origin. The main active ingredient is useful soil microflora V-10 VIZR. The drug suppresses the development of fungal diseases both directly on plants and in the soil. It is a universal preparation for all types of garden plants. Release form - liquid, powder, or tablet form. In the conditions of a garden plot, the latter form is most often used.
How to make a solution.
As a solution for irrigation, two tablets are used, diluted with ten liters of water. For spraying, two tablets must be dissolved in one liter of water.
Under what conditions can processing be carried out.
Processing should be carried out in dry, calm weather.
A fungicidal drug called fast.
Skor is a drug with the active ingredient difenoconazole. It is a systemic fungicide, has a long-term prophylactic and pronounced therapeutic effect.
What to use against.
Effective in the fight against scab, gray mold, black spot, powdery mildew, curly leaves, late blight.
How it works.
Justifying its name, it has the ability to quickly penetrate into plant tissues, is not washed off by rain two to three hours after treatment. Retains its protective properties for three weeks.
Under what conditions can processing be carried out.
Processing should be carried out in dry, calm weather.
A fungicidal drug called copper sulfate.
Copper sulfate is an antiseptic and fungicidal agent of contact action.
How does this drug work?
It inhibits the development and spread of fungal diseases of horticultural crops. When used according to the instructions, it is a safe product, does not accumulate, does not give side effects.
Under what conditions can processing be carried out.
Processing should be carried out in dry, calm weather.
A fungicidal drug called foundationol.
Fundazol is a broad-spectrum fungicide.
How does this drug work?
The active ingredient is benomyl, which disrupts the process of nuclear division in cells and thereby prevents the growth of the fungus.
How to make a solution and process a plant.
The solution is prepared in a one-to-one ratio - one gram of the drug per liter of water.Primary treatment is carried out upon detection of infection, the next - after two weeks. Observing the specified interval, the procedure can be repeated up to four times.
Under what conditions can processing be carried out.
Processing should be carried out in dry, calm weather.
Fungicidal preparation called paracelsus fungicide.
Fungicide Paracelsus. It is a contact-systemic agent from the group of triazoles. Possesses protective and medicinal properties.
How does this drug work?
The active ingredient is flutriafol. Promotes an increase in chlorophyll in plant leaves, accelerates photosynthesis. The composition quickly penetrates the plant, spreads through it as it grows. Begins its active action half an hour after treatment. It stops the spread of fungus and repairs damaged parts of the plant.
Under what conditions can processing be carried out.
Processing should be carried out in dry, calm weather.
Folk methods.
In addition to specialized preparations, gardeners often resort to folk methods. Here are the main ones.
Infusion on wood ash.
For cooking, take ten liters of water and one and a half kilograms of ash. The resulting mixture should be allowed to brew in a cool dark place for seven days. The infusion must be stirred every two days. Before use, pour the solution into a clean container so that there is no sediment. The sediment can be used to water the soil. The favorable time for such processing is from late May to early June. Processing is carried out three times with an interval of two to three days.
Soda ash solution.
Soda ash solution. To prepare the solution, take fifty grams of soda ash and dissolve in ten liters of water.
Solution on potassium permanagate, or potassium permanganate.
Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) is a powerful agent with a disinfecting effect. It is quite suitable for combating fungus. To prepare the solution, half a teaspoon of potassium permanganate is diluted with ten liters of water and the plants are processed three times. This will be repeated every five days.
Solution with green, household, or baby soap.
Soap solution. It can be prepared in several ways. Soap is included in several options for fighting fungus. Option number one - we dilute fifty grams of soap in a bucket of water and mix it with a solution of copper sulfate. We irrigate the shrub once a week. We repeat three times.
Infusion on wood ash and green, or household, or baby soap.
Option number two is to prepare a composition of soap and ash. To do this, you need to pour one kilogram of wood ash with ten liters of boiling water and insist for a day. Then add about fifty grams of soap to improve the adhesion of the composition. After a couple of days, the bushes are sprayed with a ready-made solution. The procedure is carried out twice in seven to ten days.
About the effectiveness of folk methods.
Speaking of folk remedies, it is worth remembering one detail - these methods are most effective as preventive measures, or at the initial stage of the disease. In more serious cases, it makes sense to use specially formulated drugs.
Preventive measures.
Above, we examined the main methods of combating the disease. However, everyone knows that it is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. Prevention includes a number of agricultural techniques.
- Carrying out sanitary pruning of shrubs on a regular basis.
- The soil must be loosened periodically.
- Remove mulch around the plant before the onset of winter
- To clean the trunk and branches of the shrub from dead bark and moss.
- Timely destruction of foci of infection in the culture, as well as in neighboring plants.
- The use of compounds that increase the plant's own immunity.
- Fallen fruits must be removed and burned in time.
- Choose varieties for planting that are resistant to disease. These varieties include: gross, Velechenskaya, Rolan and others.
Also, it will not be superfluous to process currant bushes. special formulations.
Urea-based prophylactic solution.
A good prophylactic agent for scab disease is a urea solution. It is usually used in early spring. Both the shrub itself and the soil around it are cultivated. To prepare the solution, you will need about a pound of funds and ten liters of water.
Prophylactic solution based on vitriol.
Vitriol is one of the most popular remedies used by gardeners for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases of plants. This composition is a mixture of sulfuric acid salts with a number of metals. The most common types of vitriol used in gardening are iron and copper, respectively.
Prophylactic solution based on ferrous sulfate.
Iron vitriol is activated on the surface of leaves and shoots, without penetrating inside. As a preventive measure, the bushes and soil are sprayed with a three percent solution of ferrous sulfate. Processing is carried out in early spring, before the appearance of buds, or in late autumn. Processing in hot weather threatens the plant with burns.
Preventive solution based on copper sulfate.
Copper sulfate is also in demand among gardeners. This is due to its wide range of effects. In addition to the ability to destroy fungal infection, the solution helps to increase the shrub's own immunity. Processing with this composition is carried out in the spring-summer season. Application in autumn is not recommended due to soil oversaturation with copper ions. For spraying currants, a solution is prepared by diluting seventy-five grams of vitriol in ten liters of water. Advice - it is better to take pre-settled water. The average consumption of the solution for one shrub is on average about one and a half liters.