Root system of grapes

The root system of the grapes helps to obtain moisture. Helps deliver beneficial minerals and trace elements. And also provides the process of photosynthesis. The plant's root system and its placement in the soil describe the care of the grape. The state of the upper part of the plant directly depends on the strength of the shoots. As well as the quantity of the crop and its quality. Vine roots begin to change within the first 12 months after planting. Constant powerful branches and thin skeletal branches appear.

The root system of grapes ensures the growth and development of the plant. As well as:

• preservation of part of the shrub in the soil;
• delivery of moisture with organic fertilizers;
• nutrition of useful substances and gases contained in the liquid. For example, ammonia and carbon dioxide;
• preservation of reserves of mineral elements. As well as carbohydrate compounds (starch, sugar, and so on);
• organization of organic processes. For example, the synthesis of alkaloids, fats, proteins and amino acids;
• maintaining the stability of the amount of juice in the cells of grapes.

The shoots of the root system also remove excess parts of substances unfavorable for the plant into the soil. And also remove heavy compounds.

Root system of grapes: specificity and dimensions

Root system of grapes: photo

Compared with other representatives of herbaceous crops, the root system of grapes is powerfully developed. It also has large dimensions. Strong branching and abundant spreading are habitual for the roots. Increased depth in the soil. Accelerated adaptation to the climate around them. It is because of this that the vine is grown throughout the territory of our country. However, the development of root outgrowths is slowed down by rocky and saline soils with a high GWL level.

Place of cultivation and parameters of the depth of the root system of grapes

Root system of grapes: photo

The depth of the grape root system directly depends on the territory in which the grapes grow:

• in areas with cool weather conditions, the shoots are located at the top layer of the earth, sinking 20 - 40 cm;
• in an area with warm weather conditions, the root system is located on a fertile layer. Namely, 60 - 120 cm;
• on sandy soils, access to moisture is required. The roots are placed 150 - 370 cm;
• the rhizome of grapes growing on rocky soils is located at a depth of 300 to 1500 cm.

The system of strong roots and thin overgrown parts is the most vulnerable part of this berry. It can rot or wither with excessive moisture. Temperature too low. As well as the fat content of the soil.

Root system of grapes: sizes

Root system of grapes: photo

For the root system of grapes, it is customary to develop differently for all parts. The lower part of the grapes planted on the slopes moves towards the water source. Therefore, their placement is more elongated. In addition to access to moisture, the length of the shoots is directly affected by the aeration of the soil.

The volume of the grape rhizome is measured by the age and size of the shrub. The non-flat part of the roots (6 - 10 m) proves the normal development of the shrub. To see the degree of interlacing of the regrown parts, it is necessary to remove the fertile layer.

Root system of grapes: photo

The abundance of development of the root system directly depends on the quality of the upper part of the vine. If there is not enough moisture, the roots sink into the deeper parts of the soil.They also increase in size. Grapes spend energy and energy to get moisture. Therefore, it reduces the available forces. For large yields, the root system should be placed 100 - 150 cm in the ground.

The older the shrub is, the less energy it has. The overgrown parts under the soil become larger. Fewer nutrients are released.

Root system of grapes: what types are there?

Root system of grapes: photo

The organization that the grape root system has is an indication of the varietal variety. Depending on the variety, they differ in size and depth of placement. As well as the degree of branching, size, length and width. People who grow grape crops highlight some of the details of the root system:

• "Korneshtamb". It is a trunk under the ground. Rod with lateral retractable parts.
• "Adventive roots". Formed on the root stem of plants that have been growing for several years. And also on stepchildren with already existing lignification, inflorescences, cuttings.
• Callus. Wound tissue located on the lower heel. Formed when the cuttings are in the liquid. It is a device for the formation of the main or calcaneal root.
• "Lateral roots". They grow from internodes and nodal parts of cuttings. They differ in a thin and excellent branched system.
• "Superficial roots". Are located at a depth of 5-15 cm. Are considered to be inconsistent formed parts during warming. And also with a sufficient level of moisture in the soil.
• "Growth cone". The top of the rhizome, covered with a root sheath. Its components are rapidly changing. They also protect the plant from defects in dense soils.
• "Root hair". Placed 3 - 5 mm from the end of the regrown part. These are small tubes. Absorbs minerals and water from the soil.

During the first 12 months after planting the cuttings, the formed parts under the soil develop slowly. In an upright position, they deepen in both directions by 60 cm. In the second year of the growing season, dense roots appear. In the third year, the grapes bear fruit. At this moment, the roots sink into the soil by 90 cm.And the width increases to 100 cm.

Pruning specifics

Root system of grapes: photo

The procedures for shaping the shrub and removing adult shoots must be carried out in one of the following ways:

• short, do not touch two or four eyes on the branches. The work gives a stunning shape to the shrub and rejuvenates the grapes;
• middle, in the process of which about eight eyes are not touched on the diverting parts. This contributes to an increase in the level of resistance of the grape bush to sharp weather changes;
• long, able to stretch the harvesting process. Pruning, during which fifteen eyes are left on the shoots, is suitable for varieties from Asia;
• mixed, some part of the branches is cut a little for sanitary prevention, and other shoots are reduced for fruiting.

In the autumn season, they arrange the removal of the shoots of the covering varieties, in the summer season they arrange the removal for sanitary rejuvenation of the vines, in the spring season they arrange the removal of the shoots before the juice begins to move. Be sure to monitor the number of eyes, as an increase or decrease causes a lack of access to organic and mineral compounds and leads to the death of the root system.

Tinning the space between the beds

The procedure increases the composition of the soil. It also improves its fertility. Tinning is performed with the task:

• deep loosening of the soil;
• making natural soil aeration;
• obtaining natural vermicompost.

Mowing the grass also makes the site more attractive. Too much moisture in the soil will cause root rot.What procedures are advised by gardeners and summer residents with experience? It is worth arranging the following procedures:

• production of a drainage layer, the size of the ditches is one meter by one meter by one meter;
• placement in holes with a drainage layer of large stones, which ensure the escape of excessive moisture;
• filling the pits with humus, sand, expanded clay;
• making a mulch layer.