Gaillardia

The article presents Gaillardia: planting and care, rules for reproduction, care, harvesting, wintering.

Gaillardia (Gaillardia) - belongs to the Aster family and includes about 25 species. This plant is also called Gaillardia and Gaillardia. In its natural habitat, it can be found in the North and South of the American continent. These plants, both annuals and perennials, react calmly to long periods of drought. The name Gaillardie comes from a patron from France who patronized botanical scientists and who was a member of the Academy of Sciences in Paris as its member, Gaillard de Charentono, who lived in the 18th century.

Gaillardia: description of the plant and characteristics

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

Gaillardia grows up to 90 cm in height. It has straight shoots that branch out and make the bush thick, their surface is covered with pubescence. They are covered with oval or lanceolate leaves with denticles along the edge. They are located on the branches in turn. Long flowering shoots bear separate inflorescences in the form of baskets in which flowers with a tridentate shape, red with a purple tint, and also tubular, but already painted dark red shades, gather.

Gaillardia's inflorescence can be double, semi-double and simple. Semi-double inflorescences are collected from reed-shaped flowers, which are distributed inside in three rows. Terry ones are collected from median flowers resembling a funnel in shape. When a plant is in bloom, it is always abundantly covered with flowers. The fruit is an achene on which there is a small crest. As an annual, Gaillardia is actively grown, which is called beautiful, and as a perennial, Gaillardia is called hybrid and spinous. Quite often, Gaillardia is mistaken for helenium, but this is not true, these two species are completely different.

Gaillardia: planting and care

Sowing rules

Gaillardia annual is grown using seedlings using seed material for this. Sowing takes place between February and March. During sowing, the seeds are not buried, they are simply spread over the surface of the previously moistened earth mixture. You can use vermiculite to powder them, or you can leave it that way. The containers must be placed where there will be good illumination and the temperature minimum will not fall below +20, but also rise above +23 degrees, but the sun should not touch them. Moistening the soil is done only when needed. The appearance of the first shoots can be observed after a couple of weeks.

Working with seedlings

As soon as the first borings appear, the container with seedlings must be placed in conditions where the temperature will not drop below +18 and will not rise above +20 degrees. Saplings will be most comfortable in a cold greenhouse. This is due to the fact that the plant loves cool and very humid air. As soon as the first two true leaves appear, you need to plant the seedlings so that the seedlings have more space. Watering activities are carried out after the surface layer of the earthen mixture has dried. Seedlings must be provided with a large amount of light for at least 15 hours, therefore, most likely, artificial lighting cannot be dispensed with. If you do not provide the necessary lighting and at the same time keep it in high humidity, the plants can begin to develop a fungus.

Gaillardia: rules for growing in the garden

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

When should you land in the garden?

Gaillardia annual is planted in an open area in the garden between August and September. For planting, you need to choose an area that will be well lit. She loves the soil light, nutritious and well-drained. It is important to know that this species is not tolerant of liquid stagnation and acidic soils. Before sending the seedlings to the garden, you need to dig up the area, during which add humus, minerals and silent wood ash in a ratio of 1 bucket to 1 handful to 1 glass per 1 sq. m.

To send it to the ground, you need to choose a sunny day and plant it during the day. The holes must be prepared in advance, leaving a distance of 20 centimeters between them. After planting, watering must be done. Before the onset of winter cold, the plants will have time to adapt and take root well. It will be possible to observe the lush flowering of the beautiful Gaillardia already next season. The transplant is carried out no more than once every 4 years.

If there is no desire to grow seedlings first, then you can sow seeds immediately on a flower bed in the garden. The cultivation of Gaillardia as a perennial is carried out just like that. Sowing should take place between July and September without deepening the seeds into the ground. Before the winter cold, the plant will show about 10 leaf plates, and it will begin to bloom with the arrival of spring.

Transplantation and reproduction of Gaillardia

Gaillardia is not a very demanding plant, so it is not troublesome to grow it. The most important thing for her is good lighting, all other points are not very important. Watering should be carried out only in case of long dry periods with high air temperatures. But during watering, moderation must be observed. Loosening and removal of weeds should be done regularly so that oxygen and nutrients better penetrate the roots. Hailadia blooms for more than 60 days, but it can take longer, if the inflorescences are starting to wither, remove on time. Flowers belonging to tall varieties must be maintained with the help of supports. Top dressing is carried out three times a season with the help of complex fertilizers. For the first time, feeding is carried out when the buds are formed, the second, when the plant blooms, and the third in the autumn, a month before the arrival of frost. It is important to know that the use of mullein as a supplementary food is not acceptable.

A transplant every 4 years for Gaillardia is a necessary procedure and it is worth remembering about this. The transplant is also good because during this procedure you can multiply the flower by dividing the rhizome.

Reproduction of Gaillardia is possible not only with the help of seed, but also by dividing the roots. As soon as a perennial bush reaches four years of age, it can be taken out of the ground and the root can be divided into parts, leaving healthy roots and stems on each of them. After the new plants are planted in different, pre-prepared places. It is best to hold such events in the spring.

Can also be propagated by root cuttings. To do this, you need to dig up the curtain along the perimeter and, having found the largest sizes of the roots, cut them off, 6 centimeters long. After, they can be sent for rooting, creating a greenhouse environment.

Possible troubles, harvesting, wintering

Aphids and whiteflies are considered frequent guests at Gaillardia. It is possible to cope with these harmful insects with the help of insecticides. Before processing, you must read the instructions and follow the instructions in it. Gray mold, powdery mildew, white rust and mottling can be encountered if the flower is not properly maintained. These diseases are related to fungal infections and if they are detected, it is necessary to immediately start treatment using fungicides.

It is possible to harvest your own seed crop from your Gaillardia plant, for this you simply do not need to remove some wilted inflorescences before the beginning of autumn. To prevent the seeds from scattering during collection, the inflorescences are wrapped in gauze and fasten it to the branch.When deciding to propagate in this way, you should be aware that the new bushes will not have the same characteristics as the mother plant.

You can not collect seeds, but leave the Gaillardia the opportunity to multiply by self-sowing. Leaving faded inflorescences on it, and not wrapping them in gauze, the seeds themselves will fall and germinate as soon as spring comes. After that, young plants can be transplanted to the desired place and that's it.

For the first winter, young Gaillardia should be sent cut to the very base and covered with a layer of mulch from spruce branches or dry foliage. No shelter is required for the following winter, unless it is grown in regions with very frosty, but little snowy winters.

Gaillardia: types

Gardeners are actively involved in the cultivation of varieties related to perennials and annuals. Gaillardia varieties are especially widespread:

Beautiful (Gaillardia pulchella)

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

This beauty is especially loved by flower growers as an annual variety. During flowering, its sprawling bush is abundantly covered with spectacular flowers with reed petals, the color of which at the base is red with a purple tint or pink, and closer to the tips they turn yellow. Tubular flowers are colored deep red with a brown tint. All these beauties gather in inflorescences in the form of baskets, which are located on the tops of long and graceful flowering shoots, their diameter is about 7 centimeters.

This species has several varieties, which are especially widespread:

Painted - with double or semi-double inflorescences, and always large. The flowers that are collected in these baskets are painted with rich red shades or in a double color - rich yellow with bright red.

Lorenz

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

In this plant, inflorescences are only terry, they are large in size and are presented in the form of a ball. They are made of tubular funnel-shaped flowers, they are painted in bright yellow with a reddish tint, or only in a rich yellow color.

The varieties are especially widespread:

Red plume

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

The owner of terry inflorescences in the form of baskets. They collect tubular, funnel-shaped flowers painted in terracotta color.

Yellow plume

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

A plant with terry spherical inflorescences in the baskets of which tubular yellow flowers are collected.

Lolipups

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

and Jayeti are also very popular among gardeners, while the blunt-toothed annual Gaillardia is not particularly fond of growing.

Spinous (Gaillardia aristata)

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

This perennial is relatively popular among gardeners. This species comes from the Northern territory of the American continent. The lower part of these straight shoots takes on a curved shape and the surface is covered with dense pubescence. In height, this bush can be 30 cm, and it can grow up to 80 cm. Leaves are oval, oblong and lanceolate, have smooth edges or jagged, their surface is pubescent. Petiole leaves are located on the stems, and next to the roots they are attached with petioles. Inflorescences grow solitary in the form of baskets and with a diameter of 12 centimeters. They are collected from reed flowers, very variegated and bright. Their color can be yellow, orange and red-copper with a large palette of shades. The color of tubular flowers is yellow with a purple bloom. These beauties begin to bloom at the very beginning of the summer season. Gardeners have been growing this species since the beginning of the 18th century. All flowers grown in the garden are united under the name of large-flowered Gaillardia.

The varieties are especially widespread:

Mandarin

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

When flowering begins, the plant is covered with flowers with reed petals painted in yellow and red.

Virral flame

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

This variety has red reed petals, which are painted in a beautiful yellow color along the edge.

Dazzer

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

The base of the petals of these flowers is painted in a dark red color, and the ends in sunny yellow.

Hybrid (Gaillardia hybrida) - to breed this species, beautiful Gaillardia and other species were crossed among themselves. The height of its shoots is about 80 centimeters. It can bloom both at the beginning and at the end of summer. She is the owner of double, semi-double and simple inflorescences painted in yellow, red and brown colors with a rich palette of shades. The most popular varieties of this type are:

Primavera- a bush of small compact size, the height of which does not exceed 25 centimeters. One rosette can form about 8 flowering shoots on which large inflorescences with a diameter of 12 cm appear.

Arizona san

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

The height of this undersized bush is no higher than 20 centimeters. It blooms lush and long, begins in early summer and ends only with the arrival of frost.

Sonne

Gaillardia flower: plant photo

The height of this beauty is no more than 60 centimeters. The reed flowers are yellow-golden, but the tubular flowers are dark yellow.

Not often, but you can find lanceolate gailardia in gardens, it belongs to a perennial species.

Gaillardia: video about planting and care in the open field