Diseases and pests of vegetables: cucumber, pumpkin, squash and squash

On the site, each gardener or gardener grows cucumbers, pumpkins or zucchini. Growing these crops is usually not very much of a hassle. Every gardener has learned very well the technique of growing a particular vegetable. But it happens that cucumbers do not grow well, the pumpkin does not hold the ovary, and the zucchini has completely rotted. If this trouble happened on your site, you should know that fungi, viruses or pests have settled on your beds. Today I will talk about diseases and pests of vegetables and how to deal with this scourge.

Diseases and pests of vegetables: spider mites and measures to combat it

A very dangerous pest, especially for cucumber, most often appears in greenhouses and greenhouses. This small insect has an elongated body. Eggs in clutch look like small balls of light green or transparent color. Closer to hatching, the offspring become gray and cloudy. The tick feeds on foliage and enmeshes it with its cobwebs. Over time, the leaf becomes stained, turns yellow and withers. If you do not take action, the entire plant may die. The attack of a spider mite is fraught with consequences, the plant sheds the ovary, grows poorly, leaves dry, all this can lead to a very poor harvest. If your cucumbers are planted in the garden, then the tick can begin to wield on them from about mid-June. For the winter, the tick begins to gather in August. Adult females often hibernate in dry fallen leaves, in the crevices of trees or in the upper layers of the soil. In the spring, as soon as the soil warms up, the fertilized female begins to lay clumps on the grass or young plants. Several generations of this pest grow over the season. And it spreads almost everywhere.

Spider mite prevention:

- constantly spray cucumber beds, especially in extreme heat or drought;

- process the beds with garlic or onion infusion; - constantly weed the garden;

- Treat the beds every 2 weeks with special anti-tick preparations (I buy them in the store);

- Dig the soil thoroughly and deeply in the fall.

Diseases and pests of vegetables: melon aphids and the fight against it

It can be noted with confidence that this pest is omnivorous. The female melon aphid has no wings, her color is almost black or dark green. The larva can be with or without wings, yellow or green. Up to 20 generations can change per season. Adult aphids overwinter, but sometimes also larvae. Aphids begin to multiply almost immediately after the snow melts. In the spring, this pest feeds on weed shoots, and later spreads to garden crops. Aphids live on the lower leaves and stems of plants. Leaves damaged by aphids curl into a tube, flowers fall off. Plants grow slowly or die. Aphids appear in the garden usually in July. Appears in the greenhouse in May. I usually fight the melon aphids before the melons began to bloom and I do it with drugs karbofos or trichlorometaphos.I dilute these drugs strictly according to the instructions.

Breeding a sprout fly

The sprout fly damages all types of melons. It is a small gray fly, gray in color. The larva is narrow with denticles at the end of the body. The larvae winter in winter crops. The fly wakes up in early May, the first offspring hatch in mid-May. For laying laying, the fly chooses soils that are well fertilized with manure. The larva destroys all swollen seeds of almost all horticultural crops. In a cucumber, a fly affects the stalks, the larva pupates for 12 days. In one garden season, the fly breeds 3 offspring.

Sprout fly control:

- in the fall, you should carefully dig up all the soil;

- sowing seeds is carried out in a strictly established time frame, it is not worth sowing seeds deeply;

- plant residues at the end of the season should be destroyed.

Diseases and pests of vegetables: anthracnose and prevention

The causative agent of this disease is a fungus. This disease affects basically all melons and gourds. In a greenhouse or greenhouse, the disease can spread to all crops, as the climate in greenhouses is very suitable for the spread of the disease. If you notice round, blurry spots on the leaves, then rest assured the plant is already infected. The disease gradually spreads to the whole plant, the leaves of melons dry and break. On the stem, there are orange spots. A bit wet and slimy. The fruit becomes bitter and starts to rot. The disease develops up to harvest. The anthractose fungus usually hibernates in the remains of plant debris, but can enter the soil along with the seeds.

Disease prevention:

- well examine the seedlings, we eliminate the infected;

- bed monitoring and removal of infected plants;

- we process cucumbers before flowering with a gray or Bordeaux liquid;

- we carry out a thorough disinfection in the greenhouse;

- after harvesting, we destroy all plant residues.

Powdery mildew and the fight against it

This disease is fungal in nature, affecting the melon family. The fungus lives on the tissues of plants, from the moment of their germination, this fungus spreads especially strongly with abundant dew. First of all, white spots appear on the plant. After the spots, they begin to grow and affect the entire plant, covering it with a white powdery bloom. Severely affected leaves wrinkle and darken. The stems eventually die off altogether. Powdery mildew perfectly survives the winter on plant remains and weeds. The disease is very difficult to remove and it spreads throughout the entire area. Seedlings in greenhouses are more susceptible to infection by this fungus.

Fight against powdery mildew fungus:

- carefully remove the remnants of pumpkin crops in the autumn;

- we dig deeply the soil;

- we carry out frequent ventilation in the greenhouse and maintain normal moisture;

- we process the plants as soon as we notice the signs of the disease.

The treatment is usually carried out with sulfur. - with a large area of ​​infection, the plants are best eliminated; - we spray with mullein infusion, about twice a month.

Diseases and pests of vegetables: we treat white rot

White rot is a fungus that infects plant roots, petioles and fruits. On diseased plants, you will immediately notice a white, flake-like coating. In places where rot has formed, plant tissues become slimy, the plant dies. The disease spreads very quickly. The quality of the crop is significantly reduced. Most often, the disease develops at low temperatures and high humidity. The causative agent hibernates well in the soil, and white rot also reproduces well on all types of parsley. Therefore, it is not recommended to plant melons next to parsley. White Rot deals the most damage in greenhouses and greenhouses.

Preventive measures:

- we alternate crops in the beds;

- sore spots of plants must first be wiped off with gauze soaked in a solution of manganese and powdered with ash;

- watering is carried out only with warm water;

- we regularly carry out top dressing;

- carefully remove plant residues;

- in the greenhouse, the air humidity should be reduced;

- whenever possible, we plant varieties that are more resistant to this fungus.

Prevention and treatment of gray rot

Gray rot is a fungus that affects flowers and plant ovaries. It spreads mainly in rainy or damp weather. Affected plants develop black spots and then rot. Plants gradually die without ever beginning to bear fruit. The fungus spreads very quickly, it is transferred by insects from a diseased plant to a healthy one. The fungus hibernates in the remains of plant debris.

We fight gray rot:

- we change the place of planting of cucumbers;

- we treat the soil in a wig, if the focus of infection was there;

- we often feed the plants with phosphorus fertilizers;

- we remove infected plants;

- in the fall, we carefully dig up the soil.

Root rot

An insidious disease that occurs with improper care and non-observance of agricultural technology. Most often occurs in greenhouses and greenhouses. The main signs of the disease are slow growth, yellowish color of leaves, underdeveloped fruits. The roots of a diseased plant become dark and rotten, dark spots are noticeable at the root. Root rot affects plants at an early stage of development. Fungus develops in the remains of plant debris.

Prevention:

- watering is carried out only with warm water;

- fertilization of the soil with high-quality humus;

- maintaining the correct soil moisture;

- if you find the first signs of the disease, sprinkle the roots of the plants with earth.

Root rot of seedlings, prevention and treatment

This fungus affects only weak plants, it operates mainly in greenhouses and hotbeds. The disease appears from the fact that the seeds were sown in cold, unfavorable weather. Improper watering and non-compliance with agricultural techniques can also be the reason. Infected plants have a gray coating on the root collar, the stems become thin and weak. Gradually fade.

Techniques for combating seedling rot:

- observance of favorable conditions for plant growth;

- watering only with warm water;

- in cool weather, we do not exclude watering, so that the soil does not become waterlogged;

- for sowing seedlings, it is best to use separate peat pots.

Diseases and pests of vegetables: we treat fusarium wilting

Plants can be affected by this fungus at almost any age. Fusarium wilting is most often formed on the root system of the plant. The roots begin to rot and are unable to receive nutrients from the soil, the plant dies. When infected with this fungus, the lashes of plants immediately begin to dry. This disease is very dangerous and spreads very quickly.

Prevention of fusarium:

- frequent change of soil in a greenhouse or greenhouse;

- we alternate planting crops;

- We regularly add new soil, especially during the growing season.

Diseases and pests of vegetables: ascochitis

This fungus appears only on weakened plants. Very often, ascochitis appears in greenhouses and greenhouses, since they have very favorable conditions for the reproduction of fungal spores. The disease affects the stems and leaves. Gradually descends to the root of the plant. On diseased plants, you will immediately notice black dots, which are becoming more and more. The disease worsens during the fruiting period, first affects the low leaves, since they are more shaded, gradually the fungus spreads to the entire plant. The fruits dry out and rot, become unfit for food. The appearance of ascochitis can be triggered by frequent temperature changes. Also, this fungus can appear on beds with abundant vegetation. This disease affects pumpkin crops and hibernates in soil that is over-fertilized with manure.

Prevention and control measures for ascochitis:

- frequent change of soil in a greenhouse or greenhouse;

- compliance with the irrigation schedule;

- timely removal of diseased plants;

- regular dusting of the beds with pumpkin crops with chalk powder;

- in the fall, we remove all plant residues from the site.

Treatment against cucumber cladosporiosiosis

This disease occurs due to frequent temperature changes and high soil moisture. When infected, the leaves develop spots with a light border around the edges. On fruits, this fungus can be found in the form of small and watery spots. After that, the fruit becomes moldy and ulcers form. The infection hibernates in foliage and plant debris.

Fighting cladosporiosis:

- we monitor soil moisture;

- we alternate garden crops;

- if you notice signs of the disease, we immediately treat the beds with a solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid;

- in the fall, we thoroughly clean the site.

Downy mildew and prevention measures

A fungus that operates only in hotbeds and greenhouses. Only the pumpkin family is affected. When a fungus occurs, the leaves of the plants on the reverse side turn purple, while on the outside, brown spots are formed. The yield of the plant instantly drops, the leaves begin to dry, the roots rot, the plant dies. The infection persists in the topsoil and on the seeds.

Fighting downy mildew:

- seed treatment;

- in the fall we disinfect and dig up the soil;

- we try to alternate cultures;

- with visible signs of the disease, we treat the plants with Bordeaux liquid.

Tears and the disease caused by their appearance

First, on a rotten and waterlogged bed, a fungus body appears, similar to yellowish mucus. This mucus affects almost the entire plant. The affected plant dies immediately. This fungus spreads throughout the garden very quickly, capturing more and more new plants. Carriers of the fungus are insects.

Struggle:

- we remove infected plants and growths of the fungus;

- we disinfect the soil with copper sulfate.

Diseases and pests of vegetables: prevention of bacteriosis

Bacteriosis is a fungal disease that completely affects the plant. Appears in warm but humid weather. Slimy spots appear on the leaves, the flowers fall off, the roots turn black and rot. Affected fruits are covered with bloom and are not suitable for feeding. The infection starts in rotten leaves. This fungus is widely spread only on cucumbers.

Preventive measures:

- strict adherence to agricultural technology;

- treatment of plants with antifungal drugs before flowering;

- the affected plants and fruits are immediately removed;

- Sprinkle the soil with bleach and dig thoroughly in the fall.