Diseases of eggplant: photo, description, treatment
Content:
The article presents in detail eggplant diseases: photo, description, treatment.
Eggplant is a capricious culture, loves warmth and does not tolerate changes in air temperature. Therefore, it is this, more often than not, that becomes the cause of the onset of diseases, and at any stage of the growing season. Here are some more of the most important causes of disease: poor soil, improper watering, violation of crop rotation conditions, lack or excess of fertilizers. In order to prevent trouble in advance and reap a good harvest, you should recognize the disease in time and begin to fight it. Eggplants are susceptible to viral, fungal and bacterial diseases.
Viral diseases of eggplant: photo, description, treatment
They can destroy half of the crop, infection with viral diseases occurs in a humid and cool climate, with a sharp temperature drop. Diseases of this nature are very poorly treated, therefore it is very important to take timely measures to prevent infection and control insects, since they are often carriers of diseases. Below are some of the viral diseases of eggplant, photo:
1. Phytoplasmosis or stolbur.
Viral diseases of eggplant: photo, description, treatment
Infection with this disease is more common on plants growing on open ground, although it also occurs in greenhouses (mainly in the second half of summer). The symptoms of the disease are very similar to spider mite infestation. It makes itself felt in this way: the foliage of the culture becomes shallow and pale, has a red or purple tint. The buds are altered and underdeveloped, and the fruits are deformed, small, with few seeds and tough.
2. Tobacco mosaic.
The most common among viral infections. The plant can become infected during transplanting or picking through garden tools (since the disease is in the remains of diseased plants). Also, the culture can get sick through insect pests, vectors of this disease, such as whitefly, aphids. Rarely, but there is a possibility of soil contamination. The virus lives for several years and is drought-resistant. This disease looks like this: light green spots appear on the leaves, increasing in size over time, and, as a result, the leaf becomes wrinkled and dies off. As a result of infection with this disease, the fruits of the plant remain deformed and underdeveloped.
3. Cucumber mosaic.
Look like light and dark green spots on the leaf plates, blisters appear later. Carriers are insects, mites and aphids.
4. Ordinary mosaic. It manifests itself on young foliage, in the form of a thin light mottling and small light green spots. The carriers are small rodents and insects, and can also be transmitted mechanically by contact.
Treatment and prevention of viral diseases
There is an invariable fact - viral diseases are very difficult to treat, so it is better to carry out prevention than fight against them. At the beginning, treatment with insecticides should be carried out, for example, Confidor, Aktar or Mospilan. Secondly, pay attention to weeding, after which you need to treat with Fufanon, Aktellik or other means. Infected plants are disposed of by burning. Last but not least, be sure to disinfect the planting equipment.
Fungal diseases of eggplant: photo, description, treatment
The ideal environment for the development of all fungal diseases is poor ventilation of the greenhouse or greenhouse, irrigation by sprinkling and trickles of condensation in the greenhouse or greenhouse. It is almost impossible to treat a culture infected with a fungal disease, since the causative agent of this infection has a stable immunity to most fungicides. Therefore, it will be better to dispose of the diseased culture, and to treat healthy plants with agents from the benzimidazole group. When planting, choose more resistant varieties and do not forget about the disinfection of seeds and soil, garden equipment. Consider the more common fungal diseases in more detail:
1. Late blight.
Fungal diseases of eggplant: photo, description, treatment
He attacks at any time, throughout the growing season. Manifestation: brown-red spots appear on the foliage, similar to rust, which later pass to the fruits and stems. If there is a difference in air temperature, high humidity or planting crops too close to each other, then a white bloom can be seen on the leaves on the back side. If the weather is dry, then the disease manifests itself as follows: the leaves dry out, brown-brown spots appear on the eggplants. The peak of infection occurs at the end of summer, August. For the purpose of prevention and treatment, proceed as follows: 1. In autumn, burn all plant residues to eliminate the source of the fungus. 2. Use folk methods. For example, spray with milk whey diluted with water in a ratio of 50 to 50, or garlic tincture, for this let it brew for several days with a solution of 200 grams of crushed garlic and three liters of water, dilute the solution with water 50 to 50. Fungicides are also used. For example, Antracol preparations, as well as a Bordeaux mixture or a solution of copper sulfate.
2. Black leg (root collar rot).
The source of the disease, the fungus, lives in the upper layer of the earth, after which it moves to the stem. Does not allow the plant to feed. With this disease, the stem at the root darkens, and after 4 to 6 days it becomes thinner and rotting. Culture, accordingly, is dying. Prevention and treatment measures: Disinfect the soil before sowing, because the fungus lives there. Do not allow high soil moisture, monitor the density of plantings, avoid acidic soils, changes in air temperatures, make sure that the lighting is sufficient and do not allow an excess of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as stagnant air. If the seedlings are severely damaged, then it would be better to dispose of them. If the disease did not damage the plant much, then you can fight it. After disposing of diseased plants, do not forget to add fungicides to the soil, as well as water-soluble agents, for example, Alirin, Baktofit or Previkur. You can also spill the earth with a manganese solution, sprinkle with ash and coal.
3. Sclerotiniasis (aka white rot).
Likes to attack young plantings, as well as seedlings planted in very wet, cold soil. The source of this disease is a fungus that lives in the soil, therefore, the eggplant roots first attack. After it moves to the stem, a white bloom forms, and seals appear in the stem. Dark spots can be seen on eggplants and foliage, the eggplant becomes soft and watery. Further, dark seals grow on the eggplants. The fungus lives up to 10 years in the soil, so choose carefully and carefully, prepare the soil for planting. White rot develops under such conditions when there are long rains, fogs, high humidity and very close plantings to each other. They are treated by cutting off the infected parts of the culture, and the cut sites are treated with ash. It would be nice to use well-known fungicides: Bordeaux liquid and copper sulfate solution. For prevention, feed the plant with mineral fertilizers, keep order on the ridges and ventilate the greenhouses and greenhouses.
4. Alternaria (aka gray rot).
When affected by this disease, brown spots of a round shape appear on the foliage, and depressed spots from gray to black appear on the eggplants themselves, increasing and merging with each other. The source of the disease, a fungus that lives in the ground. The fungus is transferred through the tops and insect pests. Often attacks the plant in damaged areas such as cracks and burns. Gray rot develops excellently in conditions of high humidity and high air temperatures. To prevent the disease, observe a number of measures: burning tops with disinfecting the soil, be sure to observe the correct crop rotation, do not neglect weeding and airing greenhouses. For the treatment of gray rot, use fungicides: treatment with a solution of copper sulfate, HOM, Fitosporim. Do not forget to dry the soil before processing.
5. Cercosporosis of foliage.
This disease first affects the stems, leaves and stalks of the crop. It looks like the appearance of small round spots that increase in size and the leaves die off. The disease leads to the fact that the fruits grow small and underdeveloped. It is transmitted by spores during the growing season, through the wind, water for irrigation, equipment, and also through the tops, in which it lives for up to one year. It should be treated with Bordeaux liquid and other fungicides. For prevention, follow the rules of crop rotation, do not allow high humidity and dispose of the tops. Do not forget to ensure that no water spills onto the foliage when watering. A prerequisite for prevention is the introduction of complex fertilizers into the soil.
6. Fusarium.
The greatest harm is caused by the causative agent of fusarium wilting. There is another causative agent of tracheomycotic wilting that causes verticillosis, but it does not do so much harm. Fusarium most often attacks crops growing in greenhouses, especially during the period of fruit ripening. Infection goes from the ground to the stem. Pathogenic fungi secrete toxins that develop toxicosis, and the vessels are clogged. As a result of toxicosis, necrosis appears on the foliage, the culture withers. The disease causes yellowing, curling and drying of foliage. The disease attacks at high humidity and temperatures from +22 to +26 degrees. This disease can be chronic. It is resistant to fungicide treatment, so prevent the disease in advance. Change and disinfect the soil in the greenhouse, when growing, choose varieties that are resistant to wilting, disinfect the seeds before sowing. If you notice that the disease has already struck your plant, then remove it, and treat all remaining crops and soil with agents from the benzimidazole group.
7. Anthracnose.
More often found outdoors than in a greenhouse. The fungus is transmitted through the tops. The disease manifests itself on the foliage, by the manifestation of brown oval spots, and on the fruits of brown-gray depressed spots. In the future, they increase and merge, and the fruit cracks. This disease can be cured by treating the culture with a HOM solution. And for prevention, follow the measures: remove plant residues from the garden, since the disease lives mainly in the tops. Avoid the proximity of eggplant and pumpkin crops.
8. Dry rot or phomopsis.
This disease is rarely found in greenhouses and greenhouses, and can often be found outdoors. Symptoms of this disease appear even at the first shoots, while the seedlings begin to turn brown and rot. When diseases are affected, adult seedlings take on the appearance of wet rot near the root on the stem. Spots of a round shape of brown color with a light center appear on the foliage, which are subsequently covered with black dots. In the future, the fruits begin to rot and become brown with light spots in the center. The spots grow and cover the whole fruit. All this leads to the fact that the eggplant fruit turns into soft rot with black dots of mushrooms.In order for the pathogenic fungus that causes the disease to be stored in the tops and seeds, it needs hot weather and high humidity. Thus, in order to prevent, harvest the tops, disinfect the seeds and, of course, choose varieties that are resistant to this disease. Dry rot should be treated with fungicides. Another option against the disease is the treatment with Bordeaux mixture.
Bacterial diseases eggplant: description, photo, treatment
Bacterial diseases eggplant: description, photo, treatment
1. Bacterial spotting. Appears both outdoors and in a greenhouse. Attacks throughout the entire growing season, and affects the entire crop. The disease looks like this: small black spots appear on the foliage, and oblong spots on the stems and petioles. Fruits are covered with raised, watery-edged dots that enlarge and become ulcers. The disease feels ideal at +25 degrees Celsius and above, as well as at high humidity. Bacteria live in tops and seeds. For prevention, observe the correct crop rotation, use pickled seeds, and also dispose of plant residues by burning. Do not expect a good harvest after an attack with this disease, and it is practically useless to treat, therefore, it is better to take preventive measures in a timely manner.
Invasive diseases eggplant
Invasive diseases are caused by pests that have infected the crop. Below are the indicated eggplant diseases, photos of affected plants.
1. Nematodes. Very small worms, up to 1 mm in length, which penetrate the contaminated soil. They do not tolerate an increase in temperature (at 40 degrees they die), therefore, it is required to calcine the soil before planting seeds. Also eggs of nematodes are in seeds, so it is better to carry out thermal disinfection of seeds.
Nematodes can be of three types:
1) Leaf nematode, when it appears on the leaves, dry, chaotically scattered spots appear, in addition, the leaf nematode is a carrier of some viruses.
2) A stem nematode that affects the entire plant. The nematode penetrates the plant through the roots. It releases toxins that clog the ducts. The plant may eventually die.
3) Gall nematode. It is considered the most dangerous nematode, as it spreads not only through contaminated soil, but also through garden tools and planting containers. In its habitat, on the roots of the plant, swellings are formed with a yellow, and then brown color. Due to these bulges, the roots do not function normally and the plant does not receive nutrients. It is useless to treat nematodes, the only way to get rid of these pests is to dispose of the plant.
2. Whitefly.
This harmful insect looks like a small (up to 1.5 mm) white butterfly. This pest multiplies very quickly, laying tubs of eggs on the inside of the plant leaf. It indicates its presence as follows: the leaves of the culture lose their color and shape, a black bloom appears on the lower leaves, and eventually fall off, along with the flowers. Use insecticides to control whitefly more than once.
3. Aphids.
Small insect with wings. It feeds on plant sap. It is a carrier of viral diseases. When infected with aphids, the tops of the culture and the leaves curl and turn yellow. To fight, as well as with whitefly, use an insecticide.
4. Spider mite.
Very small insect, up to 0.5 mm, loves dry weather. You can find it on the back of the sheet. If the eggplant was attacked by a spider mite, then it looks like this: small dark dots appear on the leaves, then the leaves turn yellow, dry out. When infected, damaged leaves must be torn off, and the culture must be treated with insecticides. For prevention, in dry weather, spray the eggplants with warm water up to twice a week, but do it so that the leaves have time to dry before a cool night.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that diseases are often struck due to ignoring pre-sowing measures, unkempt beds and in a humid, hot climate. But you can avoid the occurrence of diseases, the main thing is to observe preventive measures and rules for growing eggplants. You can plant eggplants in the same place only after 3-5 years. It will be better to plant this crop in the beds, after onions, cabbage and carrots. Remember that fresh manure can very quickly replenish the number of pests, disease vectors, in your beds. To avoid the growth of green mass, which leads to putrefactive processes, avoid an excess of nitrogen. And due to the lack of trace elements magnesium, potassium and calcium, they can lead to yellowing of the leaves of eggplant, and cause a low yield.
Eggplant diseases: video